Stone
|
H |
S.G |
R.I
|
SR/DR
|
T |
Remarks
|
Aquamarine |
7.5
|
2.71
|
1.57-1.58 |
Double
|
T |
Imitated by synthetic spinel and glass |
Chalcedony |
6.5
|
2.62
|
1.53
|
Double
|
T |
May
imitate some moonstones |
Diamond |
10
|
3.52
|
2.42
|
Single
|
T |
Natural coloured stones conduct electricity |
Doublet (1) |
8 |
3.69
|
1.73
|
Single
|
T |
Synthetic white spinel top and base, with coloured
layer |
Doublet (2) |
7.5
|
V |
1.78
|
Single
|
T |
Garnet top and glass base |
Doublet (3) |
9 |
3.99
|
1.77
|
Double
|
T |
Natural sapphire top with synthetic sapphire base
|
Eilat stone |
5 |
2.8
|
1.50
|
-------- |
O |
A
mixture of copper minerals |
Glass
|
6 |
V |
V
|
Single
|
T |
Bubbles and striae may be seen |
Iolite |
7 |
2.61
|
1.53-1.54 |
Double
|
T |
Lower
specific gravity and refraction than sapphire |
Jadeite |
7 |
3.34
|
1.65
|
Double
|
TI
|
A
rare colour for jadeite |
Lapis
lazuli |
5.5
|
2.85
|
1.50
|
Single
|
O |
Usually shows specks of brassy pyrites |
Moonstone |
6 |
2.55
|
1.53-1.54 |
Double
|
T |
Beat
stones show bluish flash |
Rutile |
6.5
|
4.25
|
2.62-2.90 |
Double
|
T |
Synthetic stone showing large doubling of the back
facets |
Sapphire |
9 |
3.99
|
1.76-1.77 |
Double
|
T |
The
synthetic stones show curved banding |
Spinel |
8 |
3.60
|
1.72
|
Single
|
T |
Weak
reddish under the colour filter |
Spinel (synthetic) |
8 |
3.63
|
1.73
|
Single
|
T |
Strong red under the colour filter |
Sodalite |
5.5
|
2.30
|
1.48
|
Single
|
O |
Resembles lapis lazuli, usually no pyrites |
Swiss Lapis |
6.5
|
2.6
|
1.54
|
Double
|
O |
Dyed
jasper to imitate lapis lazuli |
Topaz
|
8 |
3.56 |
1.61-1.62 |
Double
|
T |
Denser than aquamarine which it resembles |
Tourmaline |
7.5
|
3.08
|
1.62-164 |
Double
|
T |
Doubling of the back facets readily seen |
Turquoise |
6 |
2.7
|
1.62
|
-------- |
O |
Often
waxed or treated |
Zircon |
7.5
|
4.68
|
1.92-1.98 |
Double
|
T |
Stong
doubling of the back facets can be seen |
Zoisite (Tanzanite) |
6 |
3.35
|
1.69-1.70 |
Double
|
T |
Has
directional colour changes of violet, blue and brown
|